Stanford University

Stanford University (officially Leland Stanford Junior University) may be a personal analysis

university in Stanford, California, and one among the world's leading academic establishments, with the highest position in various rankings and measures within the us.

Stanford was supported in 1885 by Leland Stanford, former Governor of and U.S. legislator from Calif. and leading railroad king, and his married person, Jane Lathrop Stanford, in memory of their solely kid; Leland Stanford, Jr. World Health Organization had died of typhoid at age fifteen the previous year. Stanford admitted its 1st students on Oct one, 1891 as a co-ed and non-denominational establishment. Tuition was free till 1920. The university struggled financially when Leland Stanford's 1893 death and once more when a lot of the field was broken by the 1906 port of entry earthquake. Following war II, academic administrator town Term an supported college and graduates' entrepreneurialism to create independent native trade in what would later be referred to as geographic region. By 1970, Stanford was home to a particle accelerator, and was one among the first four ARPANET nodes (precursor to the Internet).

The main field is found in northern city vale adjacent to Palo Alto and between San Jose and port of entry. Different holdings, like laboratories, and nature reserves, area unit situated outside the most field. Its 8,180-acre (3,310 ha) field is one among the biggest within the us. The university is additionally one among the highest fundraising establishments within the country, turning into the primary faculty to boost over a billion greenbacks in a very year.

Stanford's tutorial strength is broad with forty departments within the 3 tutorial colleges that have college boy students and another four skilled colleges. Students contend in thirty six varsity sports, and also the university is one among 2 personal establishments in the Division I FBS Pacific-12 Conference. It gained 107 NCAA team championships, the second-most for a university, 476 individual championships, the foremost in Division I, and has won the NACDA Directors' Cup, recognizing the university with the most effective overall athletic team action, each year since 1994-1995.

Stanford College and alumni have supported several corporations as well as Google, Hewlett-Packard, Nike, Sun Microsystems, Instagramand Yahoo!, and firms supported by Stanford alumni generate over $2.7 trillion in annual revenue, appreciate the 10th-largest economy within the world. It’s the school of thirty living billionaires, seventeen astronauts, and eighteen Alan Matheson Turing Award laureates. It’s conjointly one among the leading producers of members of the us Congress. The University has related with fifty nine Alfred Nobel laureates and a couple of Fields Medalists (when awarded).

Foundation

Stanford was supported by Leland Stanford, a railroad businessman, U.S. senator, and former Calif. governor, in conjunction with his married person, Jane Lathrop Stanford. it's named in honor of their solely kid, Leland Stanford, Jr., World Health Organization died in 1884 from typhoid simply before his sixteenth birthday. His oldsters determined to dedicate a university to their solely son, and Leland Stanford told his married person, "The kids of Calif. shall be our kids." The Stanford’s visited Harvard's president, Charles Eliot, and asked whether or not he ought to establish a university, tech or deposit. Eliot replied that he ought to found a university and an endowment of $5 million would do (in 1884 dollars; concerning $132 million today).

Leland Stanford, the university's founder, as painted by Jean-Louis-Ernest Meissonier in 1881 and currently on show at the Cantor Center

The university's introduction Grant of Endowment from the Stanford’s was issued in Gregorian calendar month 1885. Besides process the operational structure of the university, it created many specific stipulations:

"The Trustees ... shall have the facility and it shall be their duty:

•             To establish and maintain at such University an academic system, which will, if followed, match the graduate for a few helpful pursuit, and to the current finish to cause the pupils, as simply as could also be, to declare the actual line, which, in life, they'll want to pursue;

•             To proscribe sectarian instruction, however to own tutored within the University the immortality of the soul, the existence of AN all-wise and benevolent Creator, which obedience to His laws is that the highest duty of man.

•             To have tutored within the University the correct and benefits of association and co-operation.

•             To afford equal facilities and provides equal benefits within the University to each sexes.

•             To maintain on the Palo Alto estate a farm for instruction in agriculture altogether its branches."

Though the trustee’s area unit in overall charge of the university, Leland and Jane Stanford as Founders maintained nice management till their deaths.

Despite the duty to own a co-educational establishment in 1899 Jane Stanford, the remaining Founder, value-added to the introduction Grant the legal demand that "the variety of girls attending the University as students shall at no time ever exceed 5 hundred". She feared the massive numbers of girls coming into would lead the varsity to become "the Vassar of the West" And felt that may not be an acceptable memorial for her son. In 1933 the necessity was reinterpreted by the trustees to specify AN college boy male: female quantitative relation of 3:1. The "Stanford ratio" of 3:1 remained in situ till the first Nineteen Sixties. By the late Nineteen Sixties the "ratio" was concerning 2:1 for undergraduates, however way more inclined at the graduate level, except within the humanities. In 1973 the University trustees with success petitioned the courts to own the restriction formally removed. As of 2014 the college boy enrollment is split nearly equally between the sexes (47.2% women, 52.8% men), the' males come females (38.2% women, 61.8% men) at the graduate level. Within the same petition they conjointly removed the prohibition of sectarian worship on field (previous solely non-denominational Christian worship in Stanford Memorial Church was permitted).

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Princeton University could

Princeton University could be a personal Ivy League analysis university in Princeton, New Jersey, u. 

s.. based in 1746 inElizabeth because the school of recent Jersey, Princeton was the fourth chartered  establishment of upper education within the 13 Colonies and therefore one amongst the 9 Colonial faculties established before the War of American Independence. The establishment captive to Newark in 1747, then to the present web site 9 years later, wherever it absolutely was renamed Princeton in 1896.

Princeton provides collegian and graduate instruction within the humanities, social sciences, natural sciences, and engineering. It offers skilled degrees through the Wilson faculty of Public and world affairs, the varsity of Engineering and field, the varsity of design and also the Blenheim Center for Finance. The University has ties with the Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton system of rules Seminary, and also the Westminster Choir school of Rider University. Princeton has the largest endowment per student within the u.  s., with a $22.7 billion endowment reaching $2.8 million per student. The university conjointly has the foremost successful athletic program within the Ivy League and traditionally one amongst the foremost successful nationwide, most notably for establishing the primary extramural contact sport. 

The University has graduated several notable alumni. it's been related to forty one chemist laureates, seventeen National honor of Science winners, the foremost Abel Prize winners and Fields Medalists of any university (four and eight, respectively), 10 Alan Matheson Turing Award laureates, 5 National Humanities honor recipients and 208 Rhodes students. Two U.S. Presidents, 12 U.S. Supreme Court Justices (three of whom presently serve on the court), and various living billionaires and foreign heads of state square measure all counted among Princeton's alumni. Princeton has conjointly graduated several distinguished members of the U.S. Congress and also the U.S. Cabinet, together with eight Secretaries of State, 3 Secretaries of Defense, and 2 of the past four Chairs of the FRS. Further, Princeton has created additional technical school CEOs than the other university, together with the present CEOs of Amazon, Hewlett-Packard, and Google. as a result of its history, wealth, and alumni success, Princeton is systematically stratified together of the foremost prestigious universities within the world.

History

Main article: History of Princeton

A commemorating 3-cent stamp from 1953 celebrating the bicentennial of Nassau Hall

New lightweight Presbyterians based the faculty of recent Jersey in 1746 so as to coach ministers. The faculty was the tutorial and spiritual capital of Scots-Irish America. In 1754, trustees of the faculty of recent Jersey recommended that, in recognition of Governor's interest, Princeton ought to be named as Belcher school. Gov. Dessert apple Belcher replied: "What a hell of name that may be!" In 1756, the faculty captive to Princeton, New Jersey. Its zero in Princeton was national capital Hall, named for the royalty of Orange-Nassau of William III of England.

Following the untimely deaths of Princeton's initial 5 presidents, educator American Revolutionary leader educator pedagogue} became president in 1768 and remained in this workplace till his death in 1794. Throughout his presidency, pedagogue shifted the college's focus from coaching ministers to making ready a replacement generation for leadership within the new yank nation. To the present finish, he tightened educational standards and invited investment within the school. Witherspoon's presidency grooved a protracted amount of stability for the faculty, interrupted by the War of American Independence and significantly the Battle of Princeton, throughout those British troopers concisely occupied national capital Hall; yank forces, diode by President Washington, discharged cannon on the building to rout them from it.

John Witherspoon, President of the faculty (1768-94), signer of the Declaration of Independence

In 1812, the eighth president the faculty of recent Jersey, ashbin inexperienced (1812–23), helped establish the Princeton system of rules Seminary adjacent. The attempt to extend the system of rules info met with "enthusiastic approval on the part of the authorities at the faculty of recent Jersey”. Today, Princeton and Princeton system of rules Seminary maintain separate establishments with ties that embody services like cross-registration and mutual library access.

Before the development of Stanhope Hall in 1803, national capital Hall was the college's sole building. The cornerstone of the building was set on September 17, 1754. Throughout the summer of 1783, the congress met in national capital Hall, creating Princeton the country's capital for four months. Over the centuries and thru 2 redesigns following major fires (1802 and 1855), national capital Hall's role shifted from associate general building, comprising workplace, dormitory, library, and schoolroom house; to schoolroom space exclusively; to its gift role because the place of job of the University. The category of 1879 given twin lion sculptures that flanked the doorway till 1911, once that very same category replaced them with tigers. National capital Hall's bell rang when the hall's construction; but, the hearth of 1802 melted it. The bell was then recast and melted once more within the hearth of 1855.

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The National University

The National University of Singapore (Abbreviation: NUS) is one among the 3 largest public and

autonomous universities in Singapore. Supported in 1905, it's the oldest institute of upper learning (IHL) in Singapore, moreover because the largest university within the country in terms of student enrollment and course of study offered. NUS could be a research-intensive, comprehensive university with an entrepreneurial dimension.

NUS are systematically hierarchic together of Asia's prime universities by each Great Britain ranking systems, the QS World University Rankings and the Times education World University Rankings. Consistent with the most recent 2015 QS World University Rankings, NUS is hierarchic twelfth within the world and preserved its position as first in Asia. NUS additionally fared well within the 2015-16 Times education World University Rankings, coming back in twenty sixth within the world and first in Asia. or else, the ARWU ranking system revealed by the Shanghai Ranking practice that measures universities tutorial achievements and analysis performance systematically places NUS within the vary of 100–150 worldwide and first in Singapore. In addition, 2014's U.S. News & World Report Best international Universities Rankings places NUS at fifty fifth within the world. In 2015, the social scientist hierarchic NUS grad school second in Singapore and 87th globally.

NUS's main field is found in southwest Singapore at Kent Ridge, with a part of roughly one.83 km2(0.71 sq mi) The Bukit Tomah field homes the school of Law, Lee Kuna Yew faculty of Public Policy and analysis institutes, whereas the Duke-NUS Graduate school of medicine Singapore is found at the Outran field.

History

Evolution of the University of Malaya

In Gregorian calendar month 1904, Tan Jiao Kim junction rectifier a bunch of representatives of the Chinese and different non-European communities, and petitioned the Governor of the Straits Settlements, Sir John Anderson, to ascertain a school of medicine in Singapore. Tan, UN agency was the primary president of the Straits Chinese British Association, managed to lift eighty seven, 077 Straits greenbacks, of that the biggest quantity of $12,000 came from him. On three Gregorian calendar months 1905, the school of medicine was supported, and was called the Straits Settlements and federates Malay States Government School of medicine.

In 1912, the school of medicine received Associate in nursing endowment of $120,000 from the King of Great Britain Memorial Fund, started by Lim Boon King. Afterward on eighteen Gregorian calendar months 1913, the name of the college was modified to the King of Great Britain School of medicine. In 1921, it absolutely was once more modified to the King of Great Britain faculty of drugs to mirror its tutorial standing.

In 1928, Raffles faculty was established to push arts and social sciences at tertiary level for Malayan students.

Establishment of the university

Two decades later, Raffles faculty was incorporate with the King of Great Britain faculty of drugs to create the University of Malaya on eight Gregorian calendar months 1949. The 2 establishments were incorporate to produce for the upper education wants of the Federation of Malaya and Singapore.

The growth of UM was terribly fast throughout the primary decade of its institution and resulted within the fixing of 2 autonomous divisions in 1959, one settled in Singapore and also the different in Kuala Lumpur.

In 1960, the governments of the Federation of Malaya and Singapore indicated their want to alter the standing of the divisions into that of a national university. Legislation was passed in one961 establishing the previous Kuala Lumpur division because the University of Malaya whereas the Singapore division was renamed the University of Singapore on 1 Gregorian calendar month 1962.

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Harvard University

Harvard University could be a personal Ivy League analysis university in Cambridge, Massachusetts,

established in 1636. Its history, influence and wealth have created it one in every of the foremost prestigious universities within the world.

Established originally by the Massachusetts legislative assembly and shortly thenceforth named for altruist (its initial benefactor), Harvard is that the United States' oldest establishment of upper learning, and the Harvard Corporation (formally, the President and Fellows of Harvard College) is its initial leased corporation. Though ne'er formally connected with any denomination, the first school primarily trained Congregationalist and Unitarian priesthood. Its programmed and student body were bit by bit profane throughout the eighteenth century, and by the nineteenth century Harvard had emerged because the central cultural institution among capital of Massachusetts elites. Following the Yankee warfare, President Charles W. Eliot's long tenure (1869–1909) remodeled the school and connected skilled colleges into a contemporary analysis university; Harvard was a start member of the Association of Yankee Universities in 1900.[16]James Bryant Conant semiconductor diode the university through the good Depression and warfare II and started to reform the programmed and liberalize admissions once the war. The college man school became integrated once its 1977 merger with Radcliffe school.

The University is organized into eleven separate tutorial units ten colleges and therefore the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study with fields throughout the capital of Massachusetts metropolitan area: its 209-acre (85 ha) main campus is focused on Harvard Yard in Cambridge, more or less three miles (5 km) northwest of Boston; the grad school and athletics facilities, together with Harvard sports stadium, area unit set across the river within the Allston neighborhood of capital of Massachusetts and therefore the medical, dental, and public health schools area unit within the Longwood Medical space. Harvard has the biggest money endowment of any tutorial establishment within the world, standing at $36.4 billion.

Harvard could be a massive, extremely residential analysis university. The nominal value of attending is high; however the University's massive endowment permits it to supply generous assist packages. It operates many arts, cultural, and scientific museums, aboard the Harvard Library, that is that the world's largest tutorial and personal library system, comprising seventy nine individual libraries with over eighteen million volumes. Harvard’s alumni embody eight U.S. presidents, many foreign heads of state, sixty two living billionaires, and 335Rhodes students. To date, some one hundred fifty philanthropist laureates and five Fields Medalists (when awarded) are connected as students, faculty, or staff.

Colonial

Engraving of Harvard school by Paul Revere, 1767

Harvard was fashioned in 1636 by vote of the good and General Court of the bay Colony. It had been abs initio known as "New College" or "the school at New Towne". In 1638, the school became home for North America's initial identified machine, carried by the ship John of London. In 1639, the school was renamed Harvard school once deceased reverend altruist, UN agency was associate degree alumna of the University of Cambridge. He had left the varsity £779 and his library of some four hundred books. The charter making the Harvard Corporation was granted in 1650.

In the early years the school trained several Puritan ministers. The school offered a classic tutorial course supported English people university model many leaders within the colony had attended the University of Cambridge but one in step with the prevailing Puritan philosophy. The school was ne'er connected with any specific denomination; however several of its earliest graduates went on to become clergymen in Congregational and Unitarian churches throughout New England. Associate degree early pamphlet, printed in 1643, delineates the start of the school as a response to the will "to advance learning and carry on it to posterity, dreading to go away associate degree illiterate ministry to the churches".

The leading capital of Massachusetts divine Increase Mather served as president from 1685 to 1701. In 1708, John Leveret became the primary president UN agency wasn't additionally a priest, that marked a turning of the school toward intellectual independence from Puritanism.

19th century

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ETH Zürich

ETH Zürich (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in city, German: Eidgenössische Technische

Hochschule Zürich) is associate engineering, science, technology, arithmetic and management university within the town of Zürich, European country. Like its sister institutionEPFL, its associate integral a part of Swiss people Federal Institutes of Technology Domain (ETH Domain) that's directly subordinate to Switzerland's government department of Economic Affairs, Education and analysis.

ETH Zürich is systematically hierarchic among the highest universities within the world. It’s presently hierarchic as fifth best university within the world in engineering, science and technology, simply behind the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Stanford University, university and National University of Singapore within the QS World University Rankings.

Twenty-one Alfred Nobel Prizes are awarded to students or professors of the Institute within the past, the foremost famed of whom is Albert Einstein with the 1921 laurels in Physics awarded in 1922, in conjunction with Nils nuclear physicist UN agency was awarded the 1922 laurels in Physics, each for work handling physical science, and also the most up-to-date is Richard F. euphemism in 2010. it's a origination member of the IDEA League and also the International Alliance of analysis Universities (IARU) and a member of the CESAER network.

The school was supported by Swiss people central in 1854 with the declared mission to coach engineers and scientists funcation a national center of excellence in science and technology and supply a hub for interaction between the scientific community and business.

ETH was supported in 1854 by Swiss people Confederation and began giving its initial lectures in 1855 as an engineering school (Edginess is chef Polytechnics Schuler). it had been abs initio composed of six faculties: design, applied science, applied science, chemistry, forestry, associated an integrated department for the fields of arithmetic, natural sciences, literature, and social and political sciences. It’s domestically still legendary sappily, derived from the initial name Edginess is chef polytechnic niche Schuler which interprets to "Federal polytechnic institute school".

ETH may be a federal institute (i.e., below direct administration by Swiss people government), whereas the University of Zürich may be a metropolis establishment. the choice for a replacement federal university was heavily controversial at the time, as a result of the liberals ironed for a "federal university", whereas the conservative forces wished all universities to stay below metropolis management, upset that the liberals would gain a lot of political power than they already had In the start, each universities were co-located within the buildings of the University of Zürich.

From 1905 to 1908, below the presidency of Jerome Franel, the course program of ETH was restructured thereto of a true university and ETH was granted the correct to award doctorates. In 1909 the primary doctorates were awarded. In 1911, it had been given its current name, Edginess is chef Techno is chef Hoch schooled. In 1924, reorganization structured the university in twelve departments. However, it currently has sixteen departments.

Interior skylights within the main building

ETH Zürich, the EPFL, and 4 associated analysis institutes type the "ETH Domain" with the aim of collaborating on scientific project

Reputation and ranking

University rankings

Global

Times [9]

9

QS [10]

9

Europe

Times [11]

4

QS [12]

5

ETH Zürich is hierarchic among the highest universities within the world. Typically, standard rankings place the establishment because the best university in continental Europe and ETH Zürich is systematically hierarchic among the highest 1-5 universities in Europe, and among the highest 3-10 best universities of the globe.

Historically, ETH Zürich has achieved its name significantly within the fields of chemistry, arithmetic and physics. There ar twenty one Alfred Nobel Laureates UN agency ar related to ETH. the foremost recent Nobel Laureate is Richard F. euphemism UN agency was awarded the laurels in chemistry in 2010. Einstein is maybe its most famed graduate

In 2015, the QS World University Rankings placed ETH Zürich at ninth overall within the world and fifth within the world in Engineering, Science and Technology, simply behind the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Stanford University, university and National University of Singapore, the additionally hierarchic sixth within the world in Natural Sciences.

In 2015, Times education World University Rankings hierarchic ETH Zürich ninth overall within the world and eighth within the world within the field of Engineering & Technology, simply behind the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Stanford University, Calif. Institute of Technology, Princeton University, university, Imperial school London and university

In a comparison of Swiss universities by Swiss UP Ranking and in rankings revealed by CHE comparison the colleges of communicatory countries, ETH Zürich historically is hierarchic initial in natural sciences, applied science and engineering sciences.

In the survey CHE Excellence Ranking on the standard of Western European grad school programmers within the fields biology, chemistry, physics and arithmetic, ETH was assessed joined of the 3 establishments to possess glorious graduate programmers altogether thought of fields, the opposite 2 being the Imperial school London and also the University of Cambridge. ETH Zürich had associate endowment of one.56 billion CHF (approx. 1.62 billion USD) within the year 2014 to support its with-it analysis.

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Columbia University

Columbia University (officially university within the town of recent York) could be a personal Ivy

League analysis university in higher Manhattan, big apple town. Established in 1754 as King's faculty by charter of George II kingdom} of Great Britain, it's the oldest establishment of upper learning in big apple State, additionally jointly of the country's 9 colonial schools. When the revolutionary war, King's faculty in brief became a state entity, and was renamed Columbia faculty in 1784. A 1787 charter placed the establishment beneath a personal board of trustees before it had been renamed university in 1896 once the field was stirred from Madison Avenue to its current location in Morningside Heights occupying land of thirty two acres (13 ha).Columbia is one in all the fourteen beginning members of the Association of yank Universities, and was the primary college within the u.  s. to grant the M.D. degree.

The university is organized into twenty colleges, as well as Columbia faculty, the varsity of Engineering and subject area, and the School of General Studies. The university additionally has international analysis outposts in national capital, Beijing, Istanbul, Paris, Mumbai, Delaware Janie Rib city metropolis urban center} de Janeiro, Santiago, Asunción and Nairobi. It has affiliations with many alternative establishments near , as well as junior college,Barnard faculty, and Union system Seminary, with joint college boy programs on the market through the soul system Seminary of America, Sciences Po Paris, and also the Juilliard college.

Columbia annually administers the publisher Prize. Notable alumni and former students (including those from King's College) embrace 5 beginning Fathers of the u.  s.; 9 Justices of the United States Supreme Court; twenty living billionaires; twenty nine Academy Award winners; and 29 heads of state, as well as 3 u.  s. Presidents. To boot, to date, some a hundred and one honor laureates are related  with Columbia as students, faculty, or staff, second within the world in philanthropist affiliates to Harvard University.

King's faculty (1754–1784)

King's faculty Hall, 1770

Discussions concerning the beginning of a school within the Province of recent dynasty began as early as 1704, once commissioned military officer Lewis Morris wrote to the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign components, the missionary arm of the Church of European nation, persuading the society that big apple town was a perfect community within which to determine a college; but, not till the beginning of university across the Hudson watercourse in New Jersey did town of recent dynasty seriously think about beginning a school. In 1746 AN act was glided by the final assembly of recent dynasty to lift funds for the muse of a brand new faculty. In 1751, the assembly appointed a commission of 10 big apple residents, seven of whom were members of the Church of European nation, to direct the funds increased by the state lottery towards the muse of a school.

Classes were initial at the start} command in July 1754 and were presided over by the college's first president, Dr. Author. Dr. Johnson was the sole pedagogue of the college's top quality that consisted of a mere eight students. Instruction was command during a new edifice contiguous Trinity Church, settled on what's currently lower street in Manhattan. the school was formally based on October thirty one, 1754, as King's faculty by charter offing George II, creating it the oldest establishment of upper learning within the state of recent dynasty and also the fifth oldest within the u.  S.

In 1763, Dr. Johnson was succeeded within the presidency by Myles Cooper, a graduate of The Queen's faculty, Oxford, and a zealous Tory. Within the charged political climate of the American Revolution, his chief opponent in discussions at the school was AN college boy of the category of 1777, Hamilton. The yank Revolutionary War stony-broke gets in 1776, and was ruinous for the operation of King's faculty, that suspended instruction for eight years starting in 1776 with the arrival of the Continental Army. The suspension continuing through the military occupation of recent dynasty town by British troops till their departure in 1783. The college's library was pillaged and its sole building requisitioned to be used as a hospital 1st by yank and so British forces. Loyalists were forced to abandon their King's faculty in big apple that was confiscate by the rebels and renamed university. The Loyalists, diode by Bishop Charles Ingles fled to Windsor, star Scotia, wherever they based what's currently the University of King's faculty.

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